Description
Methylation Profile provides a functional assessment of the phenotypic expression of common SNPs (MTHFR, MS, CBS) by evaluating the plasma levels of methionine, cysteine, SAM, SAH, homocysteine, adenose and cystathionine. It also provides the important methylation index, a ratio of SAM to SAH.
Normal methionine metabolism is critical for methylation, transsulfuration and folate-dependent transmethylation. Abnormal metabolism of methionine can be found in anyone at any age. It is usually associated with genetic or nutritional deficiencies, ageing and exposure to environmental toxicants.
Methylation: Methionine is first enzymatically converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor for methylation of DNA, RNA, protein, phospholipids, creatinine and neurotransmitters. S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is generated as a product of all SAM-dependent methylation reactions and is hydrolyzed to homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine through a reversible reaction (AHCY). SAH is a potent inhibitor of all SAM-dependent methylation reactions. Efficient removal of adenosine and Hcy is imperative to prevent accumulation of SAH. The enzymatic activities of adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleosidases contribute to maintaining normal levels of adenosine.
Transmethylation: Hcy is normally primarily removed or recycled by remethylation to methionine through a series of reactions that require 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, B12 and betaine to complete the normal methionine cycle. A low ratio of SAM to SAH is a sensitive indicator of under-methylation. elevated plasma Hcy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent research suggests that elevated SAH may be an even better predictor of risk for CVD.
Transsulfuration: Methionine > Homocysteine > Cysteine The methionine transsulfuration pathway occurs primarily in the liver and kidneys, and diverts Hcy away from remethylation to methionine toward synthesis of conditionally essential amino acid cysteine, essential sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Homocysteine in the presence of serine and B6 is enzymatically converted to cystathionine and ultimately cysteine. Cysteine is the rate-limiting amino acid in the biosynthesis of quintessential glutathione (GSH). GSH is pivotal in the regulation of intracellular redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, immune function, DNA synthesis and repair. apoptosis and detoxification of metals and chemicals. The DDI Methylation Profile evaluates the plasma levels of methionine, cysteine, SAM, SAH, Hcy, adenosine and cystathionine, and provides the important "methylation index," a ratio of SAM to SAH.
The test results can facilitate appropriate individualized interventions to improve or normalize methionine metabolism and ameliorate or prevent adverse consequences associated with inadequate methylation and/or transsulfuration capacity.
Methodology
LC/MS QQQ
When should I use
Autism
Birth Defects
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Detoxification Impairment
Down Syndrome
General Health and Longevity
Genetic Disorders
Immune Dysfunction
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Nutritional Deficiencies
Psychiatric Disorders
Other Details
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